An electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It works by using the principle of electromagnetism, which is the interaction between electric currents and magnetic fields. There are different types of electric motors, but the basic idea is the same: a coil of wire carrying an electric current rotates inside a magnetic field, creating a force that makes the coil spin. One of the simplest electric motors is a DC motor , which runs on direct current (DC) from a battery or a power supply. A DC motor has two main parts: a rotor and a stator. The rotor is the part that spins and has a coil of wire wrapped around an iron core. The stator is the part that stays still and has a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. The coil of wire on the rotor is connected to a split ring called a commutator, which rotates with the coil and switches the direction of the current every half turn. This ensures that the coil always experiences a force in the same direc...
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An electrical transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another by electromagnetic induction. It is used to change the voltage level of alternating current (AC) power. A transformer consists of several parts, each with a specific function and purpose. Here are some of the main parts of an electrical transformer and their functions:
-Core: The core is the central part of the transformer that supports the windings and provides a low reluctance path for the magnetic flux. The core is made of thin sheets of high-grade steel, separated by thin insulating materials, to reduce the losses due to hysteresis and eddy currents.
-Windings:The windings are coils of copper or aluminum conductors that carry the electric current and produce the magnetic flux in the core. The windings are insulated from each other and from the core. There are two sets of windings per phase: the primary winding and the secondary winding. The primary winding is connected to the input voltage source, while the secondary winding is connected to the output load. The ratio of the number of turns in the primary and secondary windings determines the voltage transformation ratio¹².
-Insulation: The insulation is the material that prevents electrical contact between different parts of the transformer, such as the core, the windings, the tank, and the terminals. The insulation also protects the transformer from moisture, dust, and other environmental factors. The insulation can be made of paper, varnish, resin, oil, or gas.
-Transformer Oil: The transformer oil is a special type of oil that fills the space between the core and the tank. The oil serves as both an insulator and a coolant for the transformer. The oil prevents arcing and corona discharge between different parts of the transformer, and also transfers heat from the core and windings to the outside environment. The oil must have high dielectric strength, low viscosity, high flash point, and low acidity.
-: The Tank is the outer enclosure of the transformer that contains the core, windings, oil, and other components. The tank protects the transformer from mechanical damage, weather conditions, and external interference. The tank can be made of steel, aluminum, or other metal
-Terminals And bushings : The terminals are the points where the input and output wires are connected to the transformer. The terminals are usually mounted on insulating bushings that pass through the tank wall. The bushings are cylindrical or conical devices that isolate the terminals from the tank and prevent leakage of oil or gas.
-: The Tap Changer is a device that allows changing the number of turns in one or both windings of a transformer. This changes the voltage transformation ratio and adjusts the output voltage to match the load requirements. The tap changer can be manual or automatic, and can be located inside or outside the tank.
- Conservator : The conservator is a cylindrical or spherical tank that is connected to the main tank by a pipe. The conservator contains a flexible diaphragm that separates the oil from air or gas. The conservator compensates for changes in oil volume due to temperature variations and prevents overpressure or vacuum in
Source:10/16/2023
(1) 14 Basic Parts of Transformer & Its Functions [Names & PDF]. https://www.theengineerspost.com/parts-of-transformer-and-its-functions/.
(2) Parts of a transformer - Electrical Classroom. https://www.electricalclassroom.com/parts-of-a-transformer/.
(3) Parts of a Power Transformer - Owlcation. https://owlcation.com/stem/Parts-of-a-power-transformer.
(4) undefined. https://www.allumiax.com/difference-between-core-form-and-shell-form-power-transformers -by-generalpac.
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